Pulse sequences that are used to edit the spectrum. Additional detail on common terms of reference, such as scalar ( J-) couplings and coherences, is included in Appendix 1. The review is aimed at MR-familiar readers without an extensive technical training in the physics of (N)MR spectroscopy, and aims to use the least technical level of language that sufficiently describes the methods to maintain accessibility for a wide audience. Many of these applications are in the brain, reflecting the bias of the MRS literature. This review aims to describe methods to edit the 1H-MRS spectrum in human experiments, the metabolites that are measured and to review some of the main findings of applying these measurements. Metabolites that can benefit from editing include ascorbic acid (Asc), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), lactate (Lac), aspartate (Asp), N-acetyl aspartyl glutamate (NAAG), 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), glutathione (GSH), glutamate (Glu), glycine (Gly), serine (Ser). J-coupling (or simply coupling) is a through-bond interaction between adjacent proton spins and results in the splitting of peaks in the spectrum. The most common editing approaches exploit known J-coupling relationships within molecules-of-interest to separate their signals from stronger, overlying signals of more concentrated molecules. The latter strategy, which is the focus of this review article, is referred to as editing the spectrum. There are two approaches to resolving this – either extending the space over which signals are spread by adding a second dimension to the MR experiment, or by reducing the information content of the one-dimensional spectrum. Thus, the 1H-MR spectrum often contains too much information spread over too narrow a parameter-space. As a result, some metabolites are present at potentially detectable levels (of the order of 1 mM), but cannot be associated with any single resolved peak in the in vivo spectrum. For many signals, the chemical shift dispersion is limited compared to the in vivo linewidth and splittings due to scalar ( J-) couplings, and therefore all the information that is potentially available in an MR spectrum is not easily resolved. In the brain, these peaks include N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), myoInositol (mI), and choline (Cho). Signals arising from spins in different chemical environments are separated along the chemical shift axis, revealing a spectrum with a number of identifiable peaks. The pièce de résistance: a glam guesthouse with a kitchenette, custom bed nestled alongside a marble fireplace, walk-in closet, and marble bath with drop-in sinks, a soaking tub and glass-encased shower-not to mention its very own plunge pool.Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ( 1H-MRS) is a non-invasive methodology that allows the detection and quantification of endogenous tissue metabolites. Double glass pocketing doors flow to a luxe bath with two chiseled marble block sinks, a soaking tub and steam shower and outdoors, the backyard has an infinity-edge pool and spa with Baja shelf, cabana, fire-pit and al fresco dining area. A sleekly designed kitchen comes complete with glass burners and a pop-up vent integrated into the marble island, as well as a dining area and just around the corner is a walk-in pantry and an office with a full bath.Ī curving staircase heads upstairs, where a sky bridge leads to a plush master retreat adorned with a fireplace and designer showroom closet. Among them: a candy dispenser-equipped screening room, along with a fireside family room providing built-in shelves for collectibles, an indoor “Zen garden,” and access to a backyard terrace sporting a lounge area and fireplace. Other main-level highlights can be found down a lengthy windowed hallway. On one side of the fireplace is a living room offering a huge picture window and automated Fleetwood glass doors that open to a patio the other side hosts a dining room chicly outfitted with a duo of custom metal chandeliers that reportedly cost more than $100,000 each, plus a temperature-controlled wine wall and tucked-away catering kitchen with commercial-grade appliances. Particularly standing out is a voluminous great room holding a dramatic two-way “floating” fireplace clad in marble and brass. Spacious rooms are punctuated throughout with marble and hardwood floors, oak paneling, exposed steel-beam ceilings, designer lighting and walls of glass. An expansive driveway and motorcourt front the house, which boasts a canopy-topped front door that pivots into a foyer. A total of seven bedrooms and eight baths are sprawled across 12,000 square feet of dark-toned living space, with amenities including two pools, a guesthouse, gym and three-car garage.
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